The October 2006 Lancet study estimated total excess deaths up to July
2006. Total deaths (civilian and non-civilian) include all additional
deaths due to increased lawlessness, degraded infrastructure, poorer
healthcare, etc.. The survey estimated 654,965 excess deaths related to
the war. The 2006 study involved surveys between May 20 and July 10,
2006. More households were surveyed than during the 2004 study, allowing
for a 95% confidence interval of 392,979 to 942,636 excess Iraqi
deaths. The result was disputed by President Bush, epidemiologists,
demographers, the Iraq Body Count, and many others, based both on the
number of deaths and the alleged methodology.[186]
Although the
British Government initially tried to dispute the accuracy of the Lancet
survey, the U.K. Ministry of Defence's chief scientific adviser wrote
in an email on the day of publication that the survey's methods were
"close to best practice" and the study design was "robust".[187] An
October 12, 2006, San Francisco Chronicle article[188] reported: "Asked
at the news conference what he thinks the number is now, Bush said: 'I
stand by the figure a lot of innocent people have lost their life.' At a
separate Pentagon briefing, Gen. George Casey, the top U.S. commander
in Iraq, said that the [Lancet] figure 'seems way, way beyond any number
that I have seen. I've not seen a number higher than 50,000. And so I
don't give it that much credibility at all'."
John Tirman, who
commissioned and directed the funding for the 2nd Lancet study,[189] and
has reviewed various data and methodologies[190][191] has estimated
"the number of war-related dead to be at least 600,000 and possibly as
much as one million".[192] Tirman has praised as "most accurate"[193]
the review published in Conflict and Health March 7, 2008, "Iraq War
mortality estimates: A systematic review".
For troops in the
U.S.-led multinational coalition, the death toll is carefully tracked
and updated daily, and the names and photographs of those killed in
action as well as in accidents have been published widely. A total of
4,486 U.S. soldiers were killed in Iraq between 2003 and 2012.[13]
Regarding the Iraqis, however, information on both military and civilian
casualties is both less precise and less consistent. Estimates of
casualty levels are available from reporters on the scene, from
officials of involved organizations, and from groups that summarize
information on incidents reported in the news media.
The word
"casualties" in its most general sense includes the injured as well as
the dead. Accounts of the number of coalition wounded vary widely,
partly because it is not obvious what should be counted: should only
those injuries serious enough to put a soldier out of commission be
included? Do illnesses or injuries caused by accidents count, or should
the focus be restricted to wounds caused by hostile engagement? Sources
using different definitions may arrive at very different numbers, and
sometimes the precise definition is not clearly specified.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualti...
No comments:
Post a Comment