A currency that's created and controlled by a government. In other
words, it exists by government "fiat." Using the dollar as an example,
the U.S. Federal Reserve creates new dollars simply by printing them or
injecting electronic "reserves" into the banking system. The supply of
dollars thus depends on the decisions of our elected officials and their
appointed administrators like the governors of the Fed.
An
example of a non-fiat currency would be the gold and silver coins that
used to circulate in much of the world. There was only so much of each
metal, and the supply only increased when some enterprising miner
discovered and dug up more. Governments were unable to create this kind
of money out of thin air.
Like the dollar, today's euro, Japanese
yen, and British pound are all fiat currencies. And—here's the crucial
point—every single fiat currency that has existed prior to the current
batch was eventually destroyed by its government.
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